Calculators for PV strings and combiners, off-grid solar, battery capacity, C-rate, charging time, stationary systems, and energy cost.
10 calculatorsSize key PV combiner-box ratings from module Voc, Isc, temperature coefficient, series modules, parallel strings, cable ampacity, and lightning exposure.
Open calculatorCalculate battery C-rate, P-rate, nominal and usable energy, discharge current, and estimated runtime for packs or BESS projects.
Open calculatorCalculate daily, monthly, and annual electricity consumption and operating cost from power, runtime, quantity, load factor, and tariff.
Open calculatorEstimate UPS battery runtime from load, battery voltage and Ah, series and parallel configuration, inverter efficiency, aging, and depth of discharge.
Open calculatorEstimate inverter continuous kW, kVA, surge rating, DC input current, AC output current, and PV DC array reference from load and design margins.
Open calculatorConvert battery Ah, mAh, Wh, and kWh while accounting for voltage, series and parallel configuration, depth of discharge, and efficiency.
Open calculatorCalculate battery charging time from Ah and current or kWh and charger power, including charging efficiency.
Open calculatorCalculate temperature-corrected PV string voltage and the allowable module count for an inverter MPPT window.
Open calculatorEstimate PV array, battery-bank capacity, and inverter power from daily energy, sun hours, autonomy, and system voltage.
Open calculatorEstimate stationary battery Ah, cell count, bank energy, parallel strings, peak discharge rate, charger current, and DC protection current.
Open calculatorSolar, battery, inverter, and backup-power calculations must keep voltage window, energy capacity, power capability, charge and discharge rate, efficiency, temperature, and protection separate.
PV string voltage changes with temperature, while battery capacity and runtime change with discharge rate, state of charge, depth of discharge, age, and environmental conditions.
kWh describes stored or consumed energy; kW describes power; and C-rate connects battery current to capacity. A system can have sufficient energy but insufficient peak power, or sufficient power but inadequate runtime.
PV and battery protection must be selected for DC voltage, polarity, fault behavior, isolation, and manufacturer requirements. AC protective-device assumptions should not be transferred to DC systems without verification.
Screen string count, cold Voc, hot Vmpp, combiner current, inverter range, and DC protection.
Estimate Ah, kWh, C-rate, usable energy, runtime, charger recovery, and parallel strings.
Connect daily load, solar resource, autonomy, inverter power, and backup operating scenarios.
kW is instantaneous power capability; kWh is stored energy. Both must satisfy the load and runtime requirement.
No. Series increases voltage. Parallel strings increase Ah and current capability, subject to manufacturer limits and balancing.
Module Voc rises as temperature falls and must remain below the inverter, controller, isolator, and protection maximum DC voltage.